GVB’s Approach

How Can We Rationally Assess the Utility of Phytocannabinoids in Human Health?

22nd Century Group, GVB, KeyGene, and CannaMetrix Have Created a Unique, Integrated System That Makes This Possible

Gene editing (or genome editing) utilizes an array of tools and techniques, such as CRISPR technology, to alter an organism’s DNA in a precise and targeted way. Gene editing can modify specific points within the organism’s own DNA, affecting only the altered DNA sequence. This differs from traditional genetic modification (GM), where internal DNA changes or DNA from an unrelated species are introduced into the genome of an organism, often in a non-targeted way.

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Step 1

The end-use need is determined by the GVB team and the R&D group. They decide together what needs to change.

Step 2

Through sequencing and mapping, we utilize the DNA to determine the target section.

Step 3

A guide for precision (RNA strand) is created and attached to an enzyme. The RNA then finds the target section of the DNA while the enzyme works like a pair of scissors to cut the DNA.

Step 4

From there, the edited DNA section can naturally heal itself with minor changes altering the gene function, or it can heal itself with a section missing making the gene inoperable.

New fields in biology, such as molecular genetics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics, empower and guide our designs for new hemp/cannabis strains. We can then use various genetic engineering techniques, such as DNA sequencing, molecular breeding, and gene/genome editing, to create the changes we desire.These modern techniques allow us to determine the specific DNA coding sequences that hemp/cannabis uses to produce cannabinoids or terpenes of interest, to edit these sequences in a precise manner, and to quickly measure the results of these changes. For example, we can now manipulate hemp/cannabis to increase levels of therapeutic cannabinoids (such as cannabidiol) or modulate the relative amounts of volatile fragrant terpenes to suit consumer preferences.

Proper application of cannabinoids requires an understanding of the cannabinoid content, the desired physiological response to the cannabinoids, and an appropriate dosing regimen to achieve that response. By combining the individual expertise of GVB, 22nd Century Group, KeyGene, and CannaMetrix we are revolutionizing the way customers can access the power of cannabinoids.

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GVB has optimized phytocannabinoid production from seed to shelf. They offer scalable production, extraction, and packaging of valuable cannabinoids for bulk and specialty markets. As part of 22nd Century Group, Inc., GVB hemp/cannabis research is centered on developing strains with enhanced agronomics and disease/pest resistance that can be grown indoors and out. 22nd Century’s technology enables control over the expression of a range of cannabinoids and terpenes to suit the market. We have been able to develop hemp with elevated CBD, along with negligible THC. 22nd Century’s multiple R&D collaborations enhance these efforts by accelerating conventional breeding, introducing new breeding techniques (such as gene editing and molecular breeding), and employing human cell-based assay systems to help define cannabinoid potency.

KeyGene utilizes its expertise in bioinformatics, genetic engineering, and molecular breeding to help us develop new plant lines with traits we desire. In essence, KeyGene provides the exact genetic information associated with given traits and the knowledge to precisely alter or enhance these traits to create a specific result. This creates a library of strains that produce a repertoire of characterizable cannabinoids. In this way, KeyGene ensures GVB stays at the forefront of phytocannabinoid research.

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CannaMetrix further leverages our capabilities by using their quantitative in vitro assay to quantify the potency of phytocannabinoids in a variety of human cell types, representing the skin, the central nervous, immune, digestive, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems. For the first time, both the concentration and the biological potency of a given plant cannabinoid (or blend of cannabinoids) can be assessed in cells from different organ systems. CannaMetrix’s proprietary cannabinoid potency assay can determine the dose and combination of cannabinoids needed to elicit a desired response through cannabinoid receptors in cells of each specific human tissue origin. In essence, Cannametrix determination of the dose-dependent receptor activation in human cells by blends of phytocannabinoids better anticipates potency on the endocannabinoid system than chemical composition analysis alone. We anticipate that CannaMetrix potency testing will provide insight into the best therapeutic applications for our formulations.

CannaMetrix further leverages our capabilities by using their quantitative in vitro assay to quantify the potency of phytocannabinoids in a variety of human cell types, representing the skin, the central nervous, immune, digestive, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems. For the first time, both the concentration and the biological potency of a given plant cannabinoid (or blend of cannabinoids) can be assessed in cells from different organ systems. CannaMetrix’s proprietary cannabinoid potency assay can determine the dose and combination of cannabinoids needed to elicit a desired response through cannabinoid receptors in cells of each specific human tissue origin. In essence, Cannametrix determination of the dose-dependent receptor activation in human cells by blends of phytocannabinoids better anticipates potency on the endocannabinoid system than chemical composition analysis alone. We anticipate that CannaMetrix potency testing will provide insight into the best therapeutic applications for our formulations.

FAQs

Agronomy refers to the science and technology involved in cultivating and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research in plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science.

22nd Century Group, Inc. is a leading agricultural biotechnology company, focused on improving health and wellness through plant science.

KeyGene uses its expertise in bioinformatics and molecular genetics to improve crops. Their insights help us to pinpoint and accurately change the genetics of specific plant traits to suit market needs.

CannaMetrix provides in vitro, medically relevant, quantitative biological assays for validating the quality and potency of cannabis products in various organ systems, ensuring the batch-to-batch cannabinoid consistency required in the medical cannabis industry.

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